No. Teslas don’t require oil changes, because Teslas are powered by electric motors and don’t use a gas or diesel-powered engine, and therefore there is no engine oil to change. However, while regular oil changes aren’t necessary, Tesla still has a list of recommended maintenance that should be performed to keep the electric car running ...When to Change Transmission Fluid. In the past, the factory-recommended interval for changing the automatic transmission fluid was typically between 30,000 and 100,000 miles, but some newer ...How often to change the oil. I am accustomed to cars that recommend oil changes based on time or mileage. For example, every 4 months or 4,000 miles, whichever comes first. I just got my 22 Civic today and I see that it has a maintenance reminder function on the dash, which purports to advise when to get an oil change.Apr 26, 2018 · most people lead busy lives, so it’s not always easy to make time for an oil change. we get it, and so does your car. automakers plan that some folks will be a little late on getting their oil changed, so some leeway is built into the recommended interval. if your owner’s manual says to change the oil every 7,500 miles, your car won’t ... Traditionally oil changes were recommended at around 3,000 miles or approximately every 3 months. However, progress and improvements in engine design and oil manufacturing mean that these figures are largely outdated in modern cars. Fully synthetic oils are designed to last much longer than mineral oils so …This could harm the steering components and the entire vehicle. In general, it is good to remember to change the fluid at least every two years, if not more often. This equates to about every 50,000 miles. Again, take a look at the owner’s manual, as some manufacturers may suggest doing this more or less frequently.After an oil change, your mechanic might put a little sticker in the corner of your windshield telling you to come back in 3,000 miles. Over 60,000 miles of driving, that would be 20 oil changes ...May 31, 2023 · The recommended oil change intervals for hyundai vehicles are typically 7,500 miles or every six months, whichever comes first. However, this can vary depending on driving habits and environmental factors such as extreme temperatures or dusty conditions. Neglecting regular oil changes can lead to costly repairs or even engine failure. Regular oil and filter changes are the single best thing you can do to keep your vehicle running smoothly for many years. By regularly changing your own oil, you save money as you ...Synthetic bland oil should be changed every 7,500 miles in most cars. Some makes and models, however, require owners to change the oil more or less often. Some cars can go as far a...When it comes to taking care of your vehicle, one of the most important maintenance tasks is changing the oil regularly. Not only does this keep your engine running smoothly, but i...Tightening torque: 30 lbf∙ft (40 N∙m, 4.0 kgf∙m) Pour the recommended engine oil into the engine. Engine oil change capacity (including filter): 4.2 US qt (4.0 L) Reinstall the engine oil fill cap securely and start the engine. Run the engine for a few minutes, and then check that there is no leak from the drain bolt or oil filter.A review of nearly 15 million words from CSR reports of Gazprom, Exxon, BP, Sinopec, Norsk, and others. Oil companies don’t like talking about climate change. As the prime movers o...With that said, don't go more than six months without getting an oil change, no matter how much or how little you drive. You should still consider synthetic oil ...Jet engine oil lifetime and oil change. Oil systems for commercial jet engines are rarely drained. There is no oil change as long as the engine stays on wing. The oil is only renewed by top-up, typically accomplished every day to compensate for normal engine oil consumption. Consequently, the oil contained …WHY VALVOLINE INSTANT OIL CHANGE. For more than 35 years, Valvoline Instant Oil Change SM has been the quick, easy, and trusted partner for oil change and maintenance services. That's why our customers rate us an average of 4.6 out of 5 stars: Experience the difference for yourself.Aug 19, 2008 · Quick-lube chains say 3,000 miles, auto manufacturers recommend 5,000 to 7,500 miles and synthetic oil companies, 10,000. How often do you really need to change the oil in your car? That will help your engine get the full benefit of synthetic oil.) Vehicles in which 0w-20 is an option to 5w-20 mineral oil, (or 5w-30), will continue to require 5,000-mile/6-month oil change intervals, even if 0w-20 oil is used. In the case of vehicles with 10,000 mile oil change intervals, the 5,000 mile service interval has not been eliminated.The majority of car manufacturers recommend you get your oil changed every 7,500 to 10,000 miles. However, some manufacturers recommend you change your oil ...How much is an oil change at Walmart? Walmart oil change prices detailed inside, plus information on coupons and discounts. Walmart Auto Care Centers do standard, high-mileage, and...Sep 10, 2022 · Learn when and how often to change your car's oil based on the owner's manual, the oil-change interval, and the type of oil recommended by your car's manufacturer. Find out how to check the oil level, the oil color, and the oil pressure with a dipstick or a service minder. Get tips from experts on choosing the right oil for your car and saving money on oil changes. Under normal driving conditions: Every 7,500 miles to 12,000 miles (12,000 km to 19,000) or every 6 months, depending on your particular vehicle model. Every 15,000 miles (24,000 km) or every 12 …Learn how to choose the right oil change interval for your vehicle based on its make, model, and driving habits. Find out the factors that affect oil change frequency, such as …Sep 9, 2023 · But more factors determine the oil change schedule. Most vehicle manufacturers and car shop owners will recommend changing your oil twice a year if you don’t drive your car much. So you should change the oil every six months (if you drive fewer than 3,000 miles) to avoid any damage to the engine. If you tow a trailer or haul heavy loads frequently, especially in warmer temperatures, most manufacturers recommend changing the differential fluid more often, sometimes as often as every 30,000 miles. This applies to most work trucks and anyone who pulls a camper, boat or trailer regularly. The best way to …The frequency of your motorcycle oil changes depends on several factors, such as your motorcycle’s make and model, your riding conditions, and the type of oil you use. As a general rule, most motorcycle manufacturers recommend changing your oil every 3,000 to 5,000 miles, or every six months to a year. However, you should always … How often should I change my oil? Many newer-model vehicles come equipped with an Intelligent Oil‐Life Monitor ® that determines when you should change the engine oil based on how your vehicle is used. This means you do not have to remember to change the oil on a mileage-based schedule. Your vehicle lets you know when an oil change is due by ... As they loosen, oil use tends to go up. It is somewhat inversely proportional. As engines wear, oil use goes up. As oil use goes up, oil change intervals tend to reduce. Where oil was once changed every six months or 7,500 miles, it must now be changed at three months and 3,000 miles. As time goes one, the intervals are likely to get even tighter.58 posts · Joined 2019. #4 · Mar 5, 2020. I usually hit the 6K mark way before the 6 months interval. My daily commute is 70-80 miles and I change my oil every 3-4 months. I would stick with what is recommended in my manual - 6K miles or 6 months, whichever comes first. Trident and SilverOnyx.Does your vehicle need or is 𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐢𝐥 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞? Do you know 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐢𝐥 ...Regular maintenance is essential for keeping your Honda running smoothly, and one of the most important tasks is changing the oil. However, frequent oil changes can add up and beco...Ideally, you want to change the oil in an RV with a gasoline engine every 3,000 to 5,000 miles. A diesel motorhome should be changed every 5,000 to 7,000 miles. However, this is just a general guideline. With the infrequent use and the heavy strain RV engines are put through, mileage isn’t the only factor influencing when the oil needs to …Jun 22, 2020 · Every manufacturer has recommended service intervals for its vehicles that include how frequently to change your oil. That interval can be as short as 3,000 miles, although many manufacturers recommend higher intervals like 5,000 miles. That recommended amount is the maximum number of miles you should drive between oil changes. If you drive a newer model car, you may be able to wait a bit longer between oil changes. It's possible that your car can go 7,500 miles or even up to 10,000 ...Most manufacturers suggest 30,000 to 60,000 miles as the point at which you should change the transmission fluid in a manual transmission. However, vehicles with transmissions that are under ‘high stress’ should change the transmission fluid every 15,000 miles. ‘High stress’ for a manual transmission …In the past service experts and owner’s manuals suggested that vehicles needed an oil change every 3,000 miles/3 months, but this is becoming an outdated routine. Newer engines run much cleaner, which means that brand new Mercedes-Benz models only need an oil change every 10,000 miles. As always, it’s still a good rule of …Learn how to choose the right oil for your car and how often to change it based on your vehicle type, age, and driving conditions. Find out …Here are 10 reasons that car owners are skipping quick lube changes and repair shop, and opting from oil changes at home instead: 1. LOWER COST. With no overhead for costly garage leases, companies that offer mobile oil changes at home are able to offer a more competitive price than garages, while …Too-frequent oil changes won’t damage your engine, but they won’t do it any good, either. Today, automakers typically recommend oil-change intervals of between 5,000 and 10,000 miles—if they recommend set intervals at all. Depending on how many quarts your engine holds and the type of oil it requires, you’re tossing away up to $100 …Generally, you’ll want to get an oil change every 10,000KM to 15,000KM, or every 6-12 months. It can vary though, and if you’re doing lots of stop-start driving, or towing a big load, you may need to change it sooner rather than later. If you leave it too long, you risk overheating your engine, damaging parts as they scrape against each ...There is a similar question on this site, but I am interested in answers for much lower levels of annual mileage than that question specified. The mileage specified in that question is within normal oil change intervals for some vehicles, but to my knowledge, 1000-1500 annual miles is below any manufacturer's oil change interval. Thanks!Allow the old oil to drain completely into the pan. Step 4: Remove the oil filter. Once the oil is drained, remove the old oil filter using an oil filter wrench for cylinders, or remove the cap on the housing under the hood and pull out the old cartridge. Step 5: Lubricate the gasket.Step 2: Draining The Oil. Tilt the mower deck with the air filter or spark plug side up, and position some newspaper and an oil pan or jug beneath the mower. Use a 3/8" drive socket wrench and extension (no socket) to turn the plug counter clockwise (see photo at right), allowing the old oil to drain. If the plug also serves as a fill cap ...84 posts · Joined 2021. #2 · Apr 2, 2023. For our '22 Hybrid I did my own oil / filter changes at 1000 miles and 4000 miles, dealer did the first complimentary one at 7500 miles. I'll plan on doing my own changes again in between the dealer's complimentary ones, and then every 5000 miles after I use up the complimentary ones.That will help your engine get the full benefit of synthetic oil.) Vehicles in which 0w-20 is an option to 5w-20 mineral oil, (or 5w-30), will continue to require 5,000-mile/6-month oil change intervals, even if 0w-20 oil is used. In the case of vehicles with 10,000 mile oil change intervals, the 5,000 mile service interval has not been eliminated.You should generally change the oil every 7,000 to 15,000 kms or every six months – whichever comes sooner. Ultimately, it depends on your car’s model and make as well as your driving conditions. You will usually find the recommended oil change interval in the owner’s manual.May 26, 2017 · You need more frequent oil changes. To reconcile the varying points of view, you’ve got to consult your owner’s manual and use a little bit of common sense. Most owner’s manuals for newer vehicles will tell you it’s acceptable to go 5,000 miles between oil changes under normal conditions. But you should drop to 3,000 miles if you drive ... The question of how often to change your oil is a hotly debated topic, with carmakers and oil companies giving conflicting advice. The answer, as with most things in life, probably lies somewhere in the middle. Most carmakers now recommend that you change your synthetic blend oil every 7,500 miles or so. However, many oil companies … One of our mechanics suggests changing every 3,000-3,500 miles if you’d rather not check your oil regularly. “If you don’t want to check your oil regularly, 3,000-3,500 miles is a good rule. If you want to stretch out those oil change intervals, you will have to keep track of the oil level and top off as needed between changes because the ... 1487 posts · Joined 2012. #24 · Mar 14, 2015 (Edited) For the 2013 X3 and earlier, BMW only pays for oil changes every 15K miiles- too long between intervals in my opinion even though BMW uses a synthetic oil. I therefore pay for every other oil change- my interval is 7.5K miles.Changing your oil for a lawn mower after every 25-50 hours of use will keep your engine healthy. Find out the best way to change oil for a push lawn mower in this video. Seal the gas tank: Seal the gas tank by removing the gas cap and covering the opening with a plastic bag. Screw the cap back on over the …1. Warm up the engine. If the weather is cold, start your engine and let it run to thin out and help the oil flow better. Make sure to park your Toyota Prius in a level area. Then turn off the engine once the engine is warmed up. 2. Secure the car. Jack up your car and use jack stands to secure it in place.It really doesn’t wear down the engine much at that continuous speed. However, if you do a lot of stop-and-go city driving, then it is a good idea to change it every 3,000 miles if you have conventional oil and every 5,000 miles if you use full-synthetic oil. Highway Driving.Once you do change your oil, Fix says to opt for the synthetic variety—like this—because it's a better lubricant. It costs more, but mechanics know you'll get more miles between changes.Dec 5, 2022 · Learn how often you need to change your oil and filter based on your vehicle type, driving habits, and location. Find out the benefits of using synthetic oil, the cost of an oil change, and the steps involved in an oil change. Get tips on how to keep your oil fresh and prolong your engine life. First Oil Change. I just had the oil and filter changed on my 2022 CR-V EX with the 1.5-liter turbocharged engine and front-wheel drive. The MM said the oil life was at 40%, but since a lot of my driving is three to five minute, one-mile trips to and from work with speeds often never exceeding 30 mph, I had it changed at almost 5,000 miles.On average, this fluid should be changed every 25,000 miles that you drive your vehicle. Sometimes it will be a little bit more in the 30,000-mile range but check the manufacturer’s guide to make sure. They will know better than anyone else. If your vehicle has a transaxle and front and rear differentials, then the front differential fluid ...Learn how time and mileage affect your oil quality and when to change it. Find out why synthetic oil is better and what happens if you …Aug 5, 2022 · Woofff please don't wait to change your oil every 10k guys. We have a service manual for reason, follow it. 5-7.5k miles on full synthetic. If you drive like an arse, change every 5k, if not you could go up to 7.5k, I wouldn't in this car...lol. KiraOniiChan and CanyonDriver. Most manufacturers suggest 30,000 to 60,000 miles as the point at which you should change the transmission fluid in a manual transmission. However, vehicles with transmissions that are under ‘high stress’ should change the transmission fluid every 15,000 miles. ‘High stress’ for a manual transmission …Oil Change: Clean engine lubricating oil vs.. Dirty oil, and possible premature engine wear. Little to no engine deposits vs. Engine deposit buildup. Smoother running engine and peace of mind vs. Possible engine failure. Full synthetic motor oil generally has a longer change interval vs. conventional oil.Learn how to choose the right oil for your car and how often to change it based on your vehicle type, age, and driving conditions. Find out …To change the oil in a vehicle, remove the oil plug and allow the oil to drain into an approved container. Replace the oil plug, and install a new oil filter before adding new oil....Oil degrades over time, losing its viscosity and therefore offering your engine internals less protection; keeping on top of frequent oil changes will stop this from happening. Most manufacturers recommend changing your oil between 5,000 and 10,000 miles, but nothing is stopping you from changing your oil between …In conclusion, how often you should get your oil changed depends on several factors, such as the make and model of your vehicle, the type of oil you use, the driving conditions, and the manufacturer’s recommendations. While a general guideline is to get your oil changed every 5,000 to 7,500 miles for conventional oil and every 7,500 to …Roadside Assistance. Ford Protect. Recalls. Takata Airbag Recalls. Tire Finder. Threads. TikTok. Browse Ford articles to find answers to your questions. Use this Browse By Topic feature to access more helpful Ford owner resources.How often does a Lexus RX 350 need an oil change? Lexus recommends changing your RX 350’s oil every 3,000 to 5,000 miles with conventional 0W-20 . Synthetic oil should be changed 7,000 to 10,000 miles —but, to prevent damage, you should never pass the 10,000-mile threshold.LEGAL. Complimentary maintenance includes Hyundai approved oil and oil filter change (except for electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles) plus tire rotation at normal factory scheduled maintenance intervals for 3 years or 36,000 miles, whichever comes first. More frequent maintenance due to severe driving or conditions is excluded.You need more frequent oil changes. To reconcile the varying points of view, you’ve got to consult your owner’s manual and use a little bit of common sense. Most owner’s manuals for newer vehicles will tell you it’s acceptable to go 5,000 miles between oil changes under normal conditions. But you should drop to 3,000 miles if you drive ...Most oil changes require 4 quarts of oil, but the exact amount depends on the specifications of the vehicle. It is best to consult the owner’s manual in order to determine the size...According to subaruofwakefield.com, a typical Subaru need an oil change every 6,000 miles, which comes out to about six months of driving. Drivers must be prepared for at least two oil changes a year. Of course, no two vehicles are the same. Larger cars might need them more frequently, while smaller ones can …When it comes to maintaining the health and performance of your vehicle, regular oil changes are essential. And if you’re considering a Valvoline full synthetic oil change, you may...The average lifespan of an oil change on a truck is anywhere from 10,000 to 25,000 miles. How often you need to change the oil in your particular vehicle can depend on a few elements. Older vehicles may need more frequent maintenance, as technology has progressed over the years allowing drivers of …For example, how old your vehicle is, what type of oil your car uses, and driving conditions can affect how often you should change your oil. According to AAA, many modern cars need oil changes after you’ve driven between 5,000 and 7,500 miles. If your vehicle runs on synthetic motor oil, that number can jump up …The Jeep Wrangler oil change indicator did light up in moderate driving condition at 6,250 miles. Extreme driving conditions. We did use a friends rock crawler for this experiment, the Jeep is a customized Jeep, The rock crawler frequents mountainous and off-road, the engine is always on four-wheel drive, and we estimate the engine to be …The best place to start is the owner's manual, which has the recommended service intervals for your vehicle. Follow the manufacturer's …With recent advances in auto engineering and maintenance, that recommendation has shifted. Generally, you should get an oil change once every 7,500 miles to 10,000 miles. However, your exact Mazda oil change needs may differ, so it’s important to team up with our service pros if you’re unsure about your oil change …For instance, the maintenance schedule for the 2012 Nissan Leaf recommends replacing the brake fluid every year or 15,000 miles under “Severe Service,” and every two years or 30,000 miles ...Allow the old oil to drain completely into the pan. Step 4: Remove the oil filter. Once the oil is drained, remove the old oil filter using an oil filter wrench for cylinders, or remove the cap on the housing under the hood and pull out the old cartridge. Step 5: Lubricate the gasket.If you use your car regularly, for instance going to work every day and maybe a long-distance road trip once in a while, it is recommended that you can get an ...Learn how to determine the best oil change interval for your vehicle based on time, mileage, or oil life monitor. Find out the benefits of using synthetic and synthetic-blend oils, and …The G7 views the tax change as an acknowledgement from the Kremlin that it will have to continue selling its oil at a discount for some time. Jump to Russia's energy producers, alr...The Clockwork of Oil Changes. On average, vehicles are estimated to need an oil change every 3,000 miles or every six months. This can vary based on your driving habits, your driving frequency, the age of your vehicle, and the quality of the oil you use. If you drive a newer vehicle, you might be able to safely wait a little longer between changes.If there is one hill I will die on, it is that boxed mix brownies are usually the only brownies worth my time—but that doesn’t mean I don’t like to get fancy with them. If you’re l... How often should I change my oil? Many newer-model vehicles come equipped with an Intelligent Oil‐Life Monitor ® that determines when you should change the engine oil based on how your vehicle is used. This means you do not have to remember to change the oil on a mileage-based schedule. Your vehicle lets you know when an oil change is due by ... In the old days, the standard advice was to change your oil every 3,000 miles. This is still true for older cars, so if you own an older car, this may be a good interval for you. If you have a ... Roadside Assistance. Ford Protect. Recalls. Takata Airbag Recalls. Tire Finder. Threads. TikTok. Browse Ford articles to find answers to your questions. Use this Browse By Topic feature to access more helpful Ford owner resources.The Hyundai Santa Fe Highlander long-term test vehicle that has been undergoing evaluation by carsales comes with an owner's manual that indicates the engine oil (and the oil filter) should be replaced at least once every 12 months or 15,000km, whichever occurs first. But Hyundai also leaves the way open for an oil change and new …An oil change service doesn’t take long, but its results last for thousands of miles. And while the old rule of thumb was to change your oil every 3,000 miles or so, modern automotive technology has stretched that figure even further. Due to better engineering and better oil formulations, now you can expect between 7,500 to 10,000 miles ...
Discover the Importance of Oil Changes. Regular oil changes are generally considered the most important maintenance service for your car. To avoid severe engine damage, this simple and inexpensive service should be regularly scheduled. Regular oil changes are quintessential to maintaining your vehicle's engine health and efficiency.. Country singer female
Remember the 5,000-kilometer rule when it comes to changing your engine oil? Guess what, experts say it’s a thing of the past now. Truth is, modern engine oil can actually last longer than that. We’re looking at around 10,000 km to 24,000 km mileage, while some oil can even go beyond that.First, change it regularly. Whether its once a year or every 5000 miles, make sure you’re keeping up on it. Secondly – use a high-quality oil. Saving twenty dollars on a few quarts of oil ...Learn the factors that affect oil change frequency, such as oil viscosity, driving conditions, and vehicle type. Find out why the 3,000-mile oil change is outdated …Remember the 5,000-kilometer rule when it comes to changing your engine oil? Guess what, experts say it’s a thing of the past now. Truth is, modern engine oil can actually last longer than that. We’re looking at around 10,000 km to 24,000 km mileage, while some oil can even go beyond that.4 days ago · 10,000 miles or 12 months. The JK Wrangler saw expanded engine options. The 3.8L V6 and 3.6L Pentastar V6 both call for oil changes every 7,500 miles or 6 months. The 2.8L diesel engine option has longer intervals, with changes needed every 10,000 miles or 12 months. Generally, you’ll want to get an oil change every 10,000KM to 15,000KM, or every 6-12 months. It can vary though, and if you’re doing lots of stop-start driving, or towing a big load, you may need to change it sooner rather than later. If you leave it too long, you risk overheating your engine, damaging parts as they scrape against each ... In the old days, the standard advice was to change your oil every 3,000 miles. This is still true for older cars, so if you own an older car, this may be a good interval for you. If you have a ... Mar 22, 2023 · Learn how to determine the best oil change interval for your car based on your driving habits, car model and oil type. Find out what the dashboard lights mean and how to check your oil level and condition. With recent advances in auto engineering and maintenance, that recommendation has shifted. Generally, you should get an oil change once every 7,500 miles to 10,000 miles. However, your exact Mazda oil change needs may differ, so it’s important to team up with our service pros if you’re unsure about your oil change …The web page explains the factors that influence how often you need to change your car’s engine oil, such as the car’s age, mileage, driving habits, and …According to kia.com, oil changes should occur every twelve months, 10,000 miles, or 15,000 kilometers. They recommend whichever of these options comes first. Most people will not need to change the oil in their vehicle more than once a year. Every car is different. A sedan may need varying oil changes than a luxury vehicle.29 May 2020 ... With all the advancements in engine design and synthetic oil technology, modern vehicles can go 5,000, 7,500 or even 10,000+ miles between oil ...Apr 22, 2022 · Thanks to modern lubricants, most engines today have recommended oil change intervals of 5,000 to 7,500 miles. Some can even reach 15,000 miles between services. Once upon a time, the recommended oil change intervals for your car were every 3,000 miles or three years. If the 3,000-mile recommendation still guided you, then the chances are that ... But more factors determine the oil change schedule. Most vehicle manufacturers and car shop owners will recommend changing your oil twice a year if you don’t drive your car much. So you should change the oil every six months (if you drive fewer than 3,000 miles) to avoid any damage to the engine.May 31, 2023 · The recommended oil change intervals for hyundai vehicles are typically 7,500 miles or every six months, whichever comes first. However, this can vary depending on driving habits and environmental factors such as extreme temperatures or dusty conditions. Neglecting regular oil changes can lead to costly repairs or even engine failure. Minnesota and DC are the latest to argue that oil companies deceived consumers about climate change. For years, climate activists and science historians like Naomi Oreskes have dra...With recent advances in auto engineering and maintenance, that recommendation has shifted. Generally, you should get an oil change once every 7,500 miles to 10,000 miles. However, your exact Mazda oil change needs may differ, so it’s important to team up with our service pros if you’re unsure about your oil change …Jun 22, 2023 · Under normal driving conditions: Every 7,500 miles to 12,000 miles (12,000 km to 19,000) or every 6 months, depending on your particular vehicle model. Every 15,000 miles (24,000 km) or every 12 months when using synthetic oil (Intervals may be shorter, depending on the brand and type of synthetic oil used. Check with the oil manufacturer, car ... May 4, 2020 · If you do it yourself, an oil change is just the price of the oil, which is about $5 to $10 per quart for synthetic. The average car takes 5 to 8 quarts, making the total for a DIY oil change $25 to $80. If you get a shop to do it, you’ll have to pay for the labor, but the oil will probably cost them a little less. Expect to pay $50 to $100 ... .